青神竹编：一根竹丝怎么扣住一只白瓷杯

四川眉山青神县有一句本地话：处处有竹，户户编竹，人人用竹。竹编在那里先是农具，后来成了贡品，再后来成了能套在瓷器上的细丝。2008 年，竹编（青神竹编）列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录，编号 Ⅶ-51，类别为传统美术，属扩展项目，申报地区为四川省青神县。

▍一、名称与起源地

青神竹编是流传在四川省眉山市青神县的一种民间工艺，用人工把粗细不同的竹片、篾条编织成生产生活用品。它的名字里带着地名，说明这门手艺与一片竹林、一方水土绑在一起。

成片的竹林，坡地上堆着刚砍下的竹材

▍二、历史背景

据中国非物质文化遗产网的项目介绍，青神先民用竹篾编「箕」养蚕，初步形成一套编织技艺。唐代，张武率县民编竹篓填石拦「鸿化堰」，提水灌溉农田，竹编由此得到更大发展。

明代，青神人余承勋进京考取进士、授职翰林院修撰，他用的书箱、膳食盒都以竹丝编成。入清以后，青神竹编宫扇声誉渐起，被列为贡品。民国时期，当地人编出细竹丝斗笠，写上「抗战到底」慰劳前方将士。这条线索有意思的地方在于用途一直在变：从养蚕的箕，到拦水的篓，到文人的书箱，到宫里的扇子。

▍三、工艺特色

青神竹编的看家本事在「细」。竹材要选、要破、要起篾，一层层剖下去，剖到薄如纸、细如丝，才编得动精细的画面。当地把产品分成平面竹编、立体竹编、瓷胎竹编几类，前两类偏观赏与日用，第三类最能说明功夫。

瓷胎竹编又叫竹丝扣瓷。做法是先把竹丝起好，再一根根贴着瓷胎的弧度编上去，紧贴器身，起收都要藏住。一只杯子，一个人要编上十几个小时。瓷是硬的、竹是韧的，两种材料贴在一起不许有缝，稍有松紧不匀，整只就废了。

一根根竹丝贴着白瓷杯身编上去，杯口边缘收得干净

▍四、文化价值

据当地公开介绍，青神竹编与丝绸、蜀绣并称「蜀中三宝」，也是国家地理标志保护产品；2000 年，青神县被命名为「中国竹编艺术之乡」。这些话听着像荣誉清单，落到实处是同一件事：一门农闲时的手艺，被承认成了地方文化的代表。

竹编（青神竹编）2008 年列入国家级非物质文化遗产名录（第二批，扩展项目），项目编号 Ⅶ-51，类别为传统美术，申报地区为四川省青神县，保护单位为青神县文物保护中心。（来源：中国非物质文化遗产网）

▍五、传承现状

中国非物质文化遗产网的项目介绍里写得很直接：青神竹编已陷入濒危境地。原因列了三条，一是环境变化使竹节变短、韧性减弱，原材料出了问题；二是消费观念改变，不少竹编制品被工业制品取代；三是老艺人年事已高，年轻人不愿传承。

近些年的路子是往产品和场景上找出口。平面竹编做画，立体竹编做包与器物配件，瓷胎竹编做茶具与陈设，另有一条是体验与研学，把工坊开放给来客。这条路能不能把徒弟留下来，还要看订单能不能稳定。

▍问答

问｜青神竹编的瓷胎竹编为什么贵，贵在哪一道

答｜贵在起篾与贴编两道。起篾要把竹子剖到细如发丝且粗细一致，一段竹料能用的部分很少；贴编要顺着瓷器弧度一根根编紧，松紧差一点整只作废。工时以十几个小时计，一人一天做不了几件。

问｜竹编器物日常怎么保养，会不会发霉

答｜怕潮、怕晒、怕长期干燥。日常用干布擦，避免长时间浸水；南方梅雨季放进有通风的柜子，可放少量干燥剂；北方冬天远离暖气片，防止竹丝失水开裂。发霉多因潮气滞留，通风比密封更有用。

问｜韵和鸣的竹编器物来自哪里

答｜按品类选产区。竹编这一支会对接有完整工序与稳定产能的产区，四川是其中一处；器物与非遗老师联名，来源和工序都能说清。韵和鸣做的是严选与出海，不介入制作。

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欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

〖遗〗

English

A stand of bamboo, freshly cut culms stacked on the slope

Qingshen bamboo weaving is a folk craft of Qingshen county, Meishan, Sichuan, in which split bamboo and strips of different gauges are woven by hand into tools and household goods. The name carries the place, which says the craft is bound to a stand of bamboo and a stretch of land.

According to the project record on the China Intangible Cultural Heritage website, early residents wove baskets for silkworm raising, forming an initial body of technique. In the Tang dynasty, Zhang Wu led county residents to weave bamboo baskets filled with stones to dam the Honghua weir and lift water for irrigation, and the craft grew substantially from there.

In the Ming dynasty, Yu Chengxun of Qingshen passed the imperial examination and served as a compiler in the Hanlin Academy; his book chests and food boxes were woven from bamboo thread. In the Qing, Qingshen's woven palace fans gained a reputation and were listed as tribute. In the Republican era, locals wove fine-bamboo hats bearing words of resistance to comfort soldiers at the front. What stands out is how the use kept changing: from silkworm baskets to dam baskets, from a scholar's chest to a fan for the palace.

The signature skill is fineness. Bamboo is selected, split and layered, shaved down until it is thin as paper and fine as thread, fine enough for detailed images. Local production is grouped into flat weaving, three-dimensional weaving and porcelain-bodied weaving; the first two lean toward display and daily use, the third shows the craft most clearly.

Fine bamboo threads woven against a white porcelain cup, the rim neatly finished

Porcelain-bodied weaving is also called bamboo thread clasping porcelain. Threads are prepared, then woven one by one against the curve of the body, pressed tight, with the start and finish hidden. A single cup can take a maker a dozen hours or more. Porcelain is rigid, bamboo is pliant, and the two must meet without a gap; any unevenness in tension ruins the piece.

Local public materials describe Qingshen bamboo weaving, alongside silk and Shu embroidery, as one of the "three treasures of Shu", and note its status as a nationally protected geographical indication; in 2000 the county was named a hometown of Chinese bamboo weaving art. Behind the list of honours is one fact: a slack-season craft was recognised as a representative of local culture.

Bamboo weaving (Qingshen) entered the national list in 2008 as a second-batch expanded item, code Ⅶ-51, traditional arts, declared by Qingshen county, Sichuan, with the county's cultural relics protection centre as the protecting body. (Source: China Intangible Cultural Heritage website)

The project record is blunt: the craft is in danger. Three causes are named: environmental change shortening bamboo nodes and weakening pliancy, undermining the raw material; shifting consumption habits, with industrial goods replacing woven items; and ageing masters with few young people willing to carry on.

Recent years have pushed toward products and settings: flat weaving for pictures, three-dimensional weaving for bags and fittings, porcelain-bodied weaving for tea ware and display, plus workshops opened to visitors. Whether this path keeps apprentices depends on whether orders stay steady.

Why is porcelain-bodied Qingshen weaving expensive, and which step costs most?

The cost sits in preparing threads and in weaving them on. Preparation shaves bamboo to a hair's fineness at uniform gauge, and only a small part of a culm survives; weaving presses each thread along the porcelain's curve, and uneven tension ruins the piece. Hours run into the teens, so one maker finishes few in a day.

How should woven bamboo be cared for, and will it go mouldy?

It dislikes damp, sun and prolonged dryness. Wipe with a dry cloth and avoid soaking; in humid southern summers keep it in a ventilated cupboard with a little desiccant; in dry northern winters keep it off radiators so the threads do not crack. Mould comes from trapped moisture, so ventilation beats sealing.

Where do YUNHEMING's woven bamboo pieces come from?

Regions are chosen by category. The bamboo line works with areas that have complete process and steady capacity, Sichuan among them; pieces are co-signed with the masters, with provenance and process explainable. YUNHEMING handles curation and export, not production.

A craft that moved from farm tool to tribute ware and on to today has changed identity several times. Is there a bamboo object in your home that has served for years, and what was it first made for?

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