漆器能不能装热水？苏绣会不会勾丝？四个常被问到的问题

▍先说一个前提

所谓生漆，是指从漆树上割取的天然漆液，靠自身漆酶在潮湿环境中完成固化。2026 年印发的《文化遗产保护传承"十五五"规划》提出健全非遗代表性项目名录动态调整机制，这类依赖环境的工序正在被重新登记。

▍问答

问 ｜ 漆器日常怎么用：能不能装热水、能不能进洗碗机

答 ｜ 都不能。结论先说：漆器适合盛常温的干物与冷食，不建议装滚烫液体，更不要进洗碗机。原因是漆膜对持续高温与强洗涤剂都很敏感，长时间受热会失光甚至起翘。清洁时用微湿软布轻擦后立即吸干，不要浸泡、不要进消毒柜。

问 ｜ 苏绣小饰品日常佩戴，会不会勾丝起毛

答 ｜ 会，取决于佩戴方式而不是工艺本身。绣面最怕两件事：与粗糙织物反复摩擦，以及被尖锐物勾到。建议避开粗麻、魔术贴和带铆钉的衣物，佩戴顺序放在最后、取下顺序放在最前；单独存放在软布袋里，不与金属首饰混放。已经起毛的地方不要用手拽，用细头剪刀齐根剪平。

问 ｜ 刺绣作品怎么装框才不伤绣面

答 ｜ 记住一个原则：绣面不要直接压在玻璃上。建议做间隔——用卡纸或内框留出空隙，让织物悬空；绷平时从中心向四周均匀拉，避免局部过紧造成丝线变形。背衬用无酸材料，装框后挂在避开阳光直射的位置，长期暴晒会让丝线褪色脆化。

问 ｜ 怎么分辨一个品牌是不是"挂名非遗"

答 ｜ 看三条。其一，器物出自谁的双手，说不清多半是贴牌；其二，核心工序是否手工完成，流水线产品与非遗手工艺品不是一类东西；其三，有无售后承诺。我们做法是器物均与非遗老师联名，并写明是哪位老师参与了哪一道工序。

▍说在最后

使用和保养的问题之所以重要，是因为它们把"值不值"的答案往后推了几年。一件器物真正贵的地方，往往在购买之后的第三年才显出来——那时候它还能用、还能修，价格自然就有了着落。

你手上还有哪些关于使用和保养的疑问？留言告诉我们，选中的问题下周写进答疑录。

📩 非遗项目 ｜ 匠人举荐 ｜ 跨境出海 ｜ 线下联营

欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

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English

Raw lacquer is the natural sap tapped from the lacquer tree, which cures through its own enzymes in humid air. The Cultural Heritage Protection and Transmission Plan issued in 2026 calls for sound dynamic adjustment of the representative items list, and processes dependent on their environment are being registered afresh.

Can lacquerware hold hot water, and can it go in the dishwasher?

Neither. To give the conclusion first: lacquer suits dry goods and cool food at room temperature, not boiling liquid, and certainly not the dishwasher. The reason is that the lacquer film is sensitive both to sustained heat and to strong detergents, losing gloss or even lifting under prolonged heat. Clean with a barely damp soft cloth and dry at once; never soak, never put it in a sterilising cabinet.

Will small Suzhou embroidery accessories snag or pill in daily wear?

It depends on how it is worn rather than on the craft itself. Two things damage a stitched surface: repeated friction against coarse fabrics and catching on anything sharp. Avoid linen and hook-and-loop fastenings and clothes with rivets; put it on last and take it off first; store it alone in a soft pouch rather than alongside metal jewellery. Do not pull at raised fibres; trim them level with fine pointed scissors.

How should embroidery be framed without harming the surface?

One principle governs: the stitched surface must not press directly against the glass. Leave a gap, using a mount or inner frame so the fabric hangs free; when stretching, work evenly from the centre outwards, since tightening one area pulls threads out of true. Use acid-free backing, hang it away from direct sunlight, and remember long exposure bleaches and embrittles silk.

How can you tell whether a brand is merely borrowing the heritage label?

Three checks. First, can they say whose hands made it; if not, it is probably labelling. Second, are the core stages completed by hand, since assembly-line products are not the same category as heritage handcraft. Third, is there stated aftercare and a willingness to take pieces back. Our own practice is to co-sign every object with its maker and state which artisan took part in which stage.

Questions of use and care matter because they postpone the answer to "was it worth it" by several years. The expensive part of an object shows up around the third year after purchase, when it still works and can still be repaired. By then the price has found its justification.

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