织锦和刺绣怎么分、木器怕不怕暖气、手作能不能天天用：一次答清

▍问答

问 ｜ 织锦和刺绣怎么区分，买的时候看哪里

答 ｜ 看纹样是织出来的还是绣上去的。所谓织锦，指的是图案在织造过程中由经纬线交织一次成型；刺绣则是在已成型的面料上以针线附加图案。织锦的图案，正反面互为镜像，摸上去平整，纹样边缘与底料同厚；刺绣是在已成型的面料上用针线附加图案，背面能看到线头与针脚，纹样处略高于底料。简单的一手测试：翻到背面，织锦的反面是完整的反色图案，刺绣的反面是线迹。

问 ｜ 木器和竹器怕不怕暖气，冬天怎么放

答 ｜ 怕，主要怕的是干燥和局部受热。木材与竹材含水率随环境变化，暖气直吹或贴近热源会让局部失水过快，出现开裂与变形。摆放上避开暖气片、地暖出风口与空调直吹位，与热源保持距离；室内过分干燥时可用加湿器或在附近放一小杯水调节，不要往器物表面直接喷水。除尘用干的软毛刷或棉布轻扫，不用湿抹布来回蹭。

问 ｜ 非遗手作是不是只能摆着看，能不能日常用

答 ｜ 多数日用型器物就是为使用而做的，摆着反而容易失水、落灰、被晒。可以用的一类是素漆碗、竹篮、木托盘、无附加彩绘的陶器；需要谨慎的是表面有彩绘、描金、镶嵌或薄胎的器物，这一类更适合远手、远光、少移动。判断方法很简单：问清楚这件东西日常怎么用、怕什么，答得上来的，通常也能用得住。

问 ｜ 手作刚买回家，不清楚该怎么保养，有通用办法吗

答 ｜ 先问自己三件事：它怕湿、怕光、还是怕干。竹木与纸一类最怕潮，放在通风处；彩绘、织绣和漆器都不能长时间晒；木胎与漆器又都怕空气太干、怕被暖风直吹。摸清这三点，剩下的多半不会错。韵和鸣一直把使用、保养、选品做成连载内容，漆、竹、绣、银、锦、瓷各门都有讲；拿不准怎么摆，先来问一句再下手。

▍说在最后

器物的多数问题，不是用坏的，是放坏的。与其小心到不敢碰，不如先弄清楚它怕什么。有想知道的，留言告诉我们，下期接着答。

📩 非遗项目 ｜ 匠人举荐 ｜ 跨境出海 ｜ 线下联营

欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

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织锦 和 刺绣 区别 · 木器 竹器 冬天 养护 · 非遗手作 能不能日常用 · 暖气 房间 手作 怎么放 · 手作 保养 通用原则

English

How does brocade differ from embroidery, and where should one look when buying?

The test is whether the pattern is woven or stitched. Brocade means a design formed in a single pass as warp and weft interlace during weaving; embroidery adds a design with needle and thread onto finished cloth. In brocade the design; front and back mirror each other, the surface feels flat, and the pattern edge sits level with the ground. Embroidery adds a design with needle and thread onto finished cloth; the reverse shows thread ends and stitches, and the motif stands slightly proud. A simple test: turn it over. Brocade shows a complete reversed pattern; embroidery shows stitching.

Do wood and bamboo suffer from heating, and how should they be stored in winter?

Yes, what they fear is dryness and localised heat. The moisture content of wood and bamboo moves with the environment; direct heating or proximity to a heat source draws moisture from one part too fast, causing cracking and warping. Keep them away from radiators, underfloor heating vents and air-conditioning draughts. If the room is very dry, run a humidifier or set a small cup of water nearby rather than spraying the object itself. Dust it off with a dry soft brush or cotton cloth; do not rub back and forth with a wet rag.

Is heritage handwork only for display, or can it be used every day?

Most everyday pieces were made to be used; leaving them on a shelf risks moisture loss, dust and sunlight. Safe for daily use are plain lacquer bowls, bamboo baskets, wooden trays and undecorated clay; handle with care those with painting, gold tracing, inlay or thin walls, which do better away from hands, light and movement. The test is simple: ask how it is used day to day and what it fears; if that can be answered, it can usually be used.

A handmade piece has just arrived; is there a general care rule?

Ask three things first: does it fear moisture, light or dryness. Bamboo, wood and paper fear damp most and need ventilation; painted work, embroidery and lacquer cannot take long spells of direct sun; wooden bodies and lacquer both suffer when the air is too dry or warm air blows straight at them. Get those three right and most else follows. YUNHEMING has long run a serial on using, caring for and choosing across lacquer, bamboo, embroidery, silver, brocade and porcelain; if unsure where to put something, ask before you commit.

Most damage to objects comes not from using them but from storing them. Rather than handling them so gingerly that they are never touched, find out what they fear. Is there something you want to know? Leave a comment and we will answer next time.

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