书道要进人类非遗名录了：名录的规则，允许同一门手艺多国申报

▍一、先看书道自己是什么

按日本文化厅的介绍，书道是用毛笔、墨、砚等工具，以传统的运笔与技法手写汉字与假名的文字表现形式，也包括石刻篆刻。它的特点被概括为两条，既用汉字，也用日本独有的假名；与国民生活关系密切，出现在书信、新春试笔、冠婚葬祭等场合。

时间线也清楚。书道 2021 年成为日本的国家级非物质文化遗产，2023 年被选为申遗候选项目，2024 年 3 月提交申报材料，同年因日本优先推进「传统酿酒」而未能进入当轮审查。若这次通过，它将成为日本第 24 项人类非遗代表作。

▍二、名录的规则：同类遗产可以多国申报

联合国教科文组织的申报机制尊重文化多样性，允许多个国家或地区就性质相同的遗产分别申报，也允许联合申报。名录登记的是「在某个社区中被不断再创造」的实践，不构成对技艺源流的独占性判定。

所谓人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，是指依据联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》设立的名录，登记由缔约国申报、经评估机构建议并由政府间委员会审议通过的活态文化实践；同一性质的遗产可以由多个缔约国分别或联合申报，名录本身不判定技艺的起源归属。

参照就在旁边。中国书法 2009 年 9 月 30 日经政府间委员会第四次会议审议，列入该名录。书法这一支早已在其中，书道申报的是它在日本形成的那套写法与生活用法。

案上摊开的宣纸与一支蘸好墨的毛笔，砚池边留着一点未干的墨光

▍三、问答

问 ｜ 日本书道申遗成功，会影响中国书法的非遗地位吗

答 ｜ 不会。中国书法 2009 年 9 月 30 日已列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录，名录登记不因他国同类申报而取消或降级。教科文组织的机制允许多国就性质相同的遗产分别申报，两者可以并存。

问 ｜ 非遗申报是不是先到先得

答 ｜ 不是。名录按公约标准逐项评审，看项目是否满足活态传承、社区参与、保护计划等条件，不设国别配额，也不以时间先后判定归属。同一门手艺的跨境流布，在多国申报中是常见现象。

问 ｜ 韵和鸣做非遗出海，会借这类国际话题吗

答 ｜ 当背景知识用。韵和鸣把全国真正的非遗手工品严选出来送到欧美、日韩、新加坡等市场，海外客人常问一件东西的来历与做法，讲清源流与工序比强调名号有用。品牌与非遗老师联名，署名与工序写在说明里，这套说法在哪个市场都通用。

📩 非遗项目 ｜ 匠人举荐 ｜ 跨境出海 ｜ 线下联营

欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

〖 寰 〗

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English

By the agency's account, shodo is writing kanji and kana by hand with brush, ink and inkstone using traditional strokes, including stone seal carving. Two features are emphasised: it uses kanji as well as kana, particular to Japan, and it sits close to daily life, in letters, new-year writing and ceremonies.

The timeline is plain. Shodo became a national intangible cultural property in 2021, was chosen as a candidate in 2023 and submitted in March 2024, missing that round because Japan prioritised its traditional brewing. If it passes, it becomes Japan's twenty-fourth entry.

The Rule: Kindred Heritage May Be Declared by Several Countries

Here is the crux. UNESCO's system respects cultural diversity and allows several countries or regions to nominate heritage of a similar nature, separately or jointly. What the list records is a practice continually recreated by a community; it does not rule on where a technique originated.

The Representative List is established under UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage and records living cultural practices nominated by states parties, recommended by the evaluation body and adopted by the committee; heritage of a similar nature may be nominated by several states separately or jointly, and the list does not settle questions of origin.

The reference sits alongside. Chinese calligraphy was inscribed on 30 September 2009 at the committee's fourth session, so it is long inside the list, and what Japan nominates is the practice that formed there.

Rice paper spread on a desk with a loaded brush, a wet gleam of ink left at the edge of the inkstone

Would a successful shodo inscription affect Chinese calligraphy's status?

No. Chinese calligraphy entered the list on 30 September 2009, and an entry is not cancelled or downgraded by a kindred nomination elsewhere. The system allows separate nominations of similar heritage, and the two can coexist.

Is heritage inscription first come, first served?

No. Each nomination is assessed against the convention's criteria, including living transmission, community participation and a safeguarding plan; there are no national quotas and no rule awarding ownership by date. Cross-border spread of one craft is common among nominations.

Does YUNHEMING use international topics like this?

As background. YUNHEMING curates genuine handmade heritage work from across China for markets in Europe, the US, Japan, Korea and Singapore, and overseas buyers ask where a piece comes from and how it is made; stating origin and process works better than citing titles. Pieces are co-signed with the makers, and that holds in any market.

A craft becomes visible through two things: someone practising it, and someone explaining it. The list grants standing to the first; the second still has to be earned.

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