从"保护名录"到"系统性保护"：国家非遗治理的思路变了

▍一、先看定性：这是"第一次"

"首次"两个字不是修饰语。长期以来，文物、非遗、名城名镇各有各的管理办法，彼此的口径不完全一样。据上述发布会介绍，这份《规划》首次把文物、非物质文化遗产、历史文化名城（街区、村镇）放在同一份文件里统筹，还把工业遗产、农业文化遗产、水利遗产、档案文献遗产、地名文化遗产这些较新的类型一并纳入。

统筹的意思不是合并，是换一层容器。过去问的是"这个项目够不够格进名录"，现在问的是"这一类资源整体上分布在什么地方、处在什么状态"。问题变了，答案的形态也就跟着变。

▍二、五个字：全、清、严、实、统

据上述发布会介绍的内容，规划思路可以概括为"五个突出""五个着力"，对应的五个字很好记。

全讲保护对象：以"大遗产观"统摄不可移动文物、可移动文物、非遗、历史文化名城（街区、村镇）以及上述新类型，既保护古代遗产，也重视红色文化遗产。

清讲家底：建立覆盖各类遗产的普查调查制度，坚持应保尽保，及时纳入法定名录；建立全国文化遗产资源总目录，统合形成国家文化遗产资源大数据库，实现"一本账"；统筹划定历史文化保护线，纳入国土规划"一张图"。

严讲举措：构建资源调查、法治保障、空间管控、安全监测、督察问责相贯通的工作链条，推动制定文化遗产保护法，并建立文化遗产保护督察制度。

实讲支撑：推进文化遗产学科建设、培育交叉复合型人才，鼓励具备条件的高校建设文化遗产学院；推动人工智能、卫星遥感、无人机、实景三维、虚拟现实等技术运用于数字化保护。统讲监管格局：统筹推进规划组织实施，部署跨部门跨区域跨领域的保护举措。

老村祠堂内部，天井落下的方形光斑打在木柱与青砖地面上，梁架的木纹与柱础的磨损清晰可见

▍三、非遗被写在哪：项目之外，还有空间

对做手艺的人来说，最值得看的是非遗相关部分。据《规划》公开全文的相关章节，这部分提出深入实施非物质文化遗产传承发展工程，完善保护传承体系，健全非遗代表性项目名录动态调整机制，并加强传统民俗、传统音乐、传统戏剧、传统体育、传统医药、民间文学等分类保护。

还有一处表述很值得留意：保护非遗所依托的村落、街巷、戏台、祠堂、园林等文化空间，强化文化生态整体保护；同时探索非遗当代表达的新方式、合理利用的新形式，培育传承体验新场景，支持合理利用文物建筑布局非遗传承展示空间。把这几句连起来读，会发现被保护的对象已经从一个"项目"扩展到了它所在的环境。

同一份文件里还提出推动非遗工坊提质增效、深化非遗对历史经典产业升级的带动作用，并提升民间文艺的版权保护与制度保障水平。这几条，指向的都是同一个方向：让手艺既守得住，也走得出去。

以上仅为个人梳理，具体以官方原文为准。

▍问答

问 ｜ "系统性保护"和以前的"名录保护"有什么不一样

答 ｜ 管的对象与问法都不同。名录保护问的是"这一项够不够格"，关注单个项目；系统性保护问的是"这一类资源在哪里、状态如何"，并把村落、街巷、戏台等承载环境一并纳入。据 2026 年 10 月 20 日国新办发布会介绍，《规划》要建立全国文化遗产资源总目录与国家文化遗产资源大数据库，实现"一本账"。

问 ｜ 韵和鸣有线下空间吗？在哪里可以坐下来看器物

答 ｜ 有。韵和鸣设有线下"非遗会客厅"，是可以坐下来看器物、聊手艺的地方。它不是柜台式的卖场，而是品牌与用户、与匠人见面的空间。前文提到的"文化空间"也正是这个意思——手艺需要一个能让人待得住的具体场所，而不是一块展板。

▍说在最后

从"列名单"到"算一本账"，变化的不是重视程度，是记账的方法。方法变了，许多以前不好回答的问题才第一次有了被回答的位置。

本文所引内容均出自 2026 年 10 月 20 日国新办新闻发布会介绍与《规划》公开信息；以上仅为个人梳理，具体以官方原文为准。

📩 非遗项目 ｜ 匠人举荐 ｜ 跨境出海 ｜ 线下联营

欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

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English

The word "first" is not decoration. For a long time cultural relics, heritage and historic cities each had their own rules with different terms. According to the same briefing, this plan puts all three into one document for the first time and also brings in newer types such as industrial heritage, agricultural heritage, water conservancy heritage, documentary heritage and place-name heritage.

Coordination does not mean merging; it means changing the container. The old question was whether a project qualifies for the list; the new one is where this class of resource is located as a whole and what condition it is in. When the question changes, the shape of the answer changes with it.

Five Words: Whole, Clear, Strict, Solid, Unified

According to the briefing, the plan's thinking can be summarised as five emphases and five focuses, and the five corresponding words are easy to remember.

Whole speaks to the objects of protection: a broad view of heritage covers immovable and movable relics, intangible heritage, historic cities, streets and towns, and the newer types listed above, protecting ancient heritage while also valuing revolutionary heritage.

Clear speaks to taking stock: a survey system covering every kind of heritage, keeping what should be kept, admitting items to statutory lists in time; a national catalogue of cultural heritage resources consolidated into a national database to reach one set of books; and cultural heritage protection lines drawn into the single map of territorial planning.

Strict speaks to measures: a working chain linking investigation, legal guarantee, spatial control, safety monitoring and accountability, advancing a cultural heritage protection law, and establishing an inspection system for heritage protection.

Solid speaks to support: disciplinary building and interdisciplinary talent, universities encouraged to found heritage schools where conditions allow, and technologies such as artificial intelligence, satellite remote sensing, drones, real-scene 3D and virtual reality applied to digital protection. Unified speaks to governance: coordinating implementation and deploying measures that cross departments, regions and fields.

Inside an old village ancestral hall, a square patch of light from the courtyard skylight falls on timber pillars and brick flooring, the grain of the beams and the wear at the column base clearly visible

Where Heritage Appears: Beyond Items, the Space Around Them

For makers, the most relevant part is the heritage section. According to the published chapters of the plan, this part proposes deepening the programme for transmitting and developing intangible heritage, completing the protection system, improving the dynamic adjustment mechanism for the list of representative items, and strengthening classified protection of folk customs, traditional music, opera, sports, medicine and folk literature.

Another passage deserves attention: protect the villages, lanes, stages, ancestral halls and gardens on which intangible heritage depends, strengthen the holistic protection of cultural ecology, explore new forms of contemporary expression and reasonable use, cultivate new scenes of transmission experience, and support the reasonable use of historic buildings for heritage display. Read together, they extend the protected object from an item to the environment around it.

The same document proposes raising the quality and efficiency of heritage workshops, deepening heritage as a driver of historic classic industries, and improving copyright protection and institutional safeguards for folk literature and art. All point the same way: a craft that can be kept and can also travel.

The above is only personal sorting of material; the official text governs.

How does systemic protection differ from the old list-based protection?

Both the object and the question differ. List protection asks whether one item qualifies and looks at single projects; systemic protection asks where a class of resource lies and in what state, bringing in the villages, lanes and stages that carry it. According to the State Council Information Office briefing of 20 October 2026, the plan will establish a national catalogue and database to achieve one set of books.

Does YUNHEMING have a physical space where one can sit with the objects?

Yes. YUNHEMING runs an offline intangible heritage Salon, a place to sit with objects and talk about craft. It is not a counter-style shop but a meeting place for the brand, its users and the makers. This is close to the idea of cultural space mentioned above: a craft needs somewhere a person can actually stay, not a display panel.

From listing names to keeping one set of books, what has changed is not the degree of attention but the method of accounting. With the method changed, questions once hard to answer find a place to be answered.

Everything cited here comes from the State Council Information Office briefing of 20 October 2026 and published information on the plan; the above is personal sorting and the official text governs.

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