琉璃怎么辨、黑釉开片算不算瑕疵、面塑能不能沾水

▍问答

问 ｜ 琉璃摆件和玻璃摆件，肉眼怎么分辨？

答 ｜ 琉璃是指以陶土制胎、施矿物釉料入窑烧成的工艺，与玻璃的差别在胎体。分辨看三点：一看底足，琉璃有陶胎，底足粗糙、能看到胎色，玻璃是全透的，底足常见模具痕与气泡；二看透光，琉璃对光看是半透到微透，内部常有细小气泡与釉层流动感，玻璃通透均匀；三看声音，轻叩琉璃声闷，玻璃声脆而长。掂重量也可参考，琉璃通常比同体积玻璃略沉。

问 ｜ 建窑黑釉茶盏的开片是瑕疵吗？用久了会继续开吗？

答 ｜ 通常不算瑕疵，而是釉与胎膨胀系数不同造成的釉面开裂，很多老窑口的黑釉器都有。它不影响使用，也不意味着器物受损。是否会继续开要看温差：骤冷骤热最容易让细纹延伸，日常使用时避免滚烫的器物直接冲冷水、避免进微波炉与洗碗机，就能把它稳住。开片处若渗色或起翘，交给专业人士处理。

问 ｜ 面塑摆件落灰了怎么清理？能沾水吗？

答 ｜ 不要沾水。面塑以面团为材，遇水容易变形、发霉，湿布擦拭是最常见的损坏原因。清灰用软毛刷（羊毛刷或干净化妆刷）顺着纹路轻扫，缝隙用吹气球吹，不要用嘴吹，也不要用湿巾与清洁剂。存放要避光、避潮，阳光直射会褪色并加速开裂；南方梅雨季建议放在带干燥剂的密封盒里。

问 ｜ 家里有门老手艺，想找人帮做内容和销路，找谁合作？

答 ｜ 可以找做"非遗经纪人"的品牌。韵和鸣帮匠人拍产品、拍视频，把手艺的过程记下来，也帮着接渠道与出海的机会；能否合作，要看这门手艺是不是真的非遗手工、关键工序是不是手工完成。有意向先在公众号后台留言，或走文末的商务入口。

▍说在最后

这三件东西的养护方法完全不同，背后其实是同一个道理：先弄清它怕什么，再决定怎么对待它。怕水的别擦，怕温差的别激，怕光的别晒。

有想知道的，留言告诉我们，下期接着答。

📩 非遗项目 ｜ 匠人举荐 ｜ 跨境出海 ｜ 线下联营

欢迎留言或后台联系，我们与匠人同行。

—— 韵和鸣 · 与匠人同行

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琉璃 摆件 和 玻璃 区别 · 建窑 黑釉 开片 是瑕疵吗 · 面塑 摆件 怎么 清灰 · 黑釉 茶盏 保养 · 非遗手作 怕什么 · 韵和鸣 匠人举荐

English

How can you tell a glazed ceramic ornament from a glass one, just by looking?

Three checks. Look at the foot: glazed ceramic has a clay body, with a rough foot showing the body's color, while glass is fully translucent and its foot often shows mold marks and bubbles. Look through the light: glaze is semi- to barely translucent, usually holding tiny bubbles and a sense of the glaze having flowed, whereas glass is evenly clear. Listen: tapped, glaze sounds dull, glass sounds bright and long. Weight helps too, since glaze is usually a little heavier than glass of the same volume.

Is the crackle in a Jian-style black-glazed tea bowl a flaw? Will it keep spreading with use?

Usually not a flaw but a crackle in the glaze caused by the body and the glaze expanding at different rates; black-glazed ware from many old kilns has it. It does not affect use and does not mean the piece is damaged. Whether it spreads depends on temperature shock: sudden heating and cooling is what extends fine lines most. Avoid pouring cold water into a hot vessel and keep it out of microwaves and dishwashers, and it will stay stable. If the crackle begins to take up color or lift, have a professional look at it.

Dough sculpture has collected dust; how should it be cleaned? Can it get wet?

No water. Dough sculpture is made from dough, which deforms and molds when wet, and wiping with a damp cloth is the most common cause of damage. Dust it with a soft brush, such as a sheep-hair or clean makeup brush, following the direction of the modelling; use a blower for crevices rather than your breath, and avoid wet wipes and cleaners. For long-term storage keep it away from light and damp; direct sun fades it and speeds cracking. In the humid season in the south, keep it in a sealed box with a desiccant.

There is an old craft in the family and we would like help with content and sales channels. Who should we approach?

A brand working as a heritage agent can. YUNHEMING films products and videos for makers, records the process of a craft, and helps open sales channels and overseas opportunities. Whether a collaboration works depends on whether the craft is genuine heritage handwork and whether its key processes remain hand-completed. If you are interested, message the account or use the business contact at the end.

The care for these three is entirely different, and behind that lies one idea: find out what a thing fears before deciding how to treat it. Do not wipe what fears water; do not shock what fears temperature change; do not sun what fears light.

If there is something you want to know, leave a message and we will answer it next time.

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